Translation
I : Housman's 'Oh, when I was in love with you'
Oh,
when I was in love with you,
Then I
was clean and brave,
And
miles around the wonder grew
How
well did I behave.
But now
the fancy passes by
And
nothing will remain
And
miles around they'll say that I
Am
quite myself again.
Ye
emotey pa mi do lu su tu e mi lenans koru.
U la
milex sens arun e goru pans vone beha mins gu veyti.
A himi
pas peyti I hu reman fu.
U la
milex sens arun e sagi fu e mi agenay memmi kita.
Oh = {EMOT} = emotion[1]
when =
TE, TA+TE
I = MI
was = PA
in
love =
LU, LOV
with
you = TU
then =
TI+TE
I = MI
was = PA
clean =
and[2]
brave = KORU
(a1)______{EMOT}
TE PA< MI DO LU SU[3] TU[4] E
(TE) MI
(a2)______________________{EMOT}
PA MI DO LU SU TU E MI LENA< KORU.
Discussion:
The
combination 'when... then...' translated
as `time at which... = time at which...'.
'was in
love' translated as if it were 'loved'; they are, of course, not the same, but
what exactly is the difference?
(a2) is
shorter; 'TE PA' may be just as well replaced by 'PA': 'past time' vs. 'the
past'. 'KORU' is 'courage', but, of course, 'courageous' too. `HA KORU' is
weaker than plain 'KORU'. The second phrase can even do without 'TE':
time that I loved you = I clean and brave
Notice
the long chain:
PA =
past
PA MI =
my past
PA MI
DO = past when I do, my past doing
PA MI
DO LU = past when I do loving, past when I love
PA MI
DO LU SU = past when I love ...a direct object...
PA MI
DO LU SU TU = past when I love you = when I loved you
The
meaning changes with every word added, and is complete only when the phrase is
terminated by 'E'.
and[5] U = therefore
miles =
[MILE] SE
around =
ARUN
the
wonder = VONE
(= wonderment)
grew = GORU
PA = FI+BIG PA
how[6]
well =
GU
did
I =
MI
behave. = BEHA
(b1)_____U
VONE GORU PA< ARUN [MILE] SE
(b2)_____U
MI BEHA (RI) GU TI+VE E ZO GORU VONE<
ARUN [MILE] SE.
(b3)_____U
VO/RI ARUN [MILE] SE VONE GORU PA
(b4)_____U
[MILE] SE< ARUN E GORU PA< VONE
BEHA MI< GU TI+VE.
Discussion:
The first three translations are less
effective than the original. The emphasis by position of 'miles around' is
unnatural in LANUG; 'miles around' is a modifier, and so it must follow! Even
(b3) has the prefix as first element, before the emphatic RI (RI means `main
topic', and works like underlining or boldface). (b2) is a flat statement, (b1)
has some emphasis by position of 'ARUN [MILE] SE'.
On the
other hand, (b4) may be translated:
'miles around = grew wonderment at my
behavior so good.'
The
copula joins the first phrase, rather fragmentary, with the second one, which
is a complete sentence. Replacing the equal sign:
'miles around is where grew wonderment at
my behavior so good'
one
gets a decent English statement, with the right emphasis. 'where' is implied by
the sense of the first phrase, which is locative ('miles around').
One could also use rule #2b:
(b5)_____U
ARUN [MILE] SE A\GORU PA< VONE BEHA MI< GU TI+VE.
but
that is really a last resort.
but =
A
now =
TI+PE
the
fancy = HIMI
passes = PAS
by
and[7] = I
nothing =
HU, HU+DI, HU+DA
will = FU
remain =
REMAN
(c
)______________________________A HIMI PAS TI+PE I HU REMAN FU.
Discussion:
Straightforward translation 'but whim passing now and no remainder in future'
and = U
miles =
[MILE] SE
around = ARUN
they
ll = FU
say = SAGI
that
I = MI
am
quite = KITA
myself =
MI+MEM
again. = AGEN
(d1)_____U
SA/RI ARUN [MILE]
(d2)_____U
[MILE] SE< ARUN E SAGI FU E MI AGEN< MI+MEM KITA[8].
Discussion:
The same problem with 'ARUN [MILE] SE'.
(d2) is nearer to the original than (d1).
The role of the copulas:
miles around is where they will say
what they will say is that me again quite
myself.
(ax) {EMOT} PA MI DO LU SU TU E MI LENA<
KORU.
(bx) U [MILE] SE< ARUN E GORU PA< VONE BEHA MI< GU TI+VE.
(cx) A HIMI PAS TI+PE I HU REMAN FU.
(dx) U [MILE] SE< ARUN E SAGI FU
E MI AGEN< MI+MEM KITA.
(ay) Ye emotey pa mi do lu su tu e mi lenans
koru.
(by) U la milex sens arun e goru pans vone
beha mins gu veyti.
(cy) A himi pas peyti I hu reman fu.
(dy) U la milex sens arun e sagi fu e mi
agenay memmi kita.
Discussion:
Here
one may see the `realization' of the various syntactic markers:
* [] as
la ...x
*
< as ns after vowels: lenans, sens, mins; < as ay after a
consonant: agenay
*
+ as y in peyti, veyti; + as null
in memmi.
* the
aside: ye emotey.
Translation
II: Heine's 'Lorelei'.
Ich
weiss nicht was soll es bedeuten,
Dass
ich so traurig bin;
Ein
Maerchen aus alten Zeiten,
Das
kommt mir nicht aus dem Sinn.
Die
Luft ist kuehl und es dunkelt,
Und
ruhig fliesst der Rhein;
Der
Gipfel des Berges funkelt
Im
Abendsonnenschein.
Die
schoenste
Ihr
goldnes Geschmeide blitzet,
Sie
kaemmt ihr goldenes Haar.
Sie
kaemmt es mit goldenem Kamme
Und
singt ein Lied dabei;
Das hat
eine wundersame,
Gewaltige
Melodei.
Den
Schiffer im kleinen Schiffe
Ergreift
es mit wildem Weh;
Er
schaut nicht die Felsenriffe,
Er
schaut nur hinauf in die Hoeh.
Ich
glaube, die Wellen verschlingen
Am Ende
Schiffer und Kahn;
Und das
hat mit ihrem Singen
Die
Lore-Ley getan.
ich = MI
weiss = NOGU
nicht = NO
was
soll
es
bedeuten = MENA
dass = E
ich = MI
so =
TI+VE
traurig = SADA
bin;
(I
don't know what it could mean that I am so sad;)
(a)___________________________MI
NOGU NO< MENA (E) MI SADA TI+VE.
Discussion:
Straightforward translation: Me knowing
not meaning = Me sad so. The copula is not obvious, and if omitted, one has a
longer chain with the same meaning: Me knowing not meaning my sadness so.
Notice that this is ungrammatical English,
but quite comprehensible. I wish I knew Chinese, it is probably even nearer to
LANUG.
ein
Maerchen = TORI
aus
alten = ODO
Zeiten = TE
das = E
kommt
nicht = NO
aus ( leave
= LEVA =
kommt aus)
den
Sinn. =
ZINIK = MINID
(an old
time story that won't leave my mind.)
(b1)
______________________________TORI TE ODO E NO LEVA MINID MI.
(b2)
____________________________TORI TE ODO TO/LEVA NO< MINID MI.
Discussion:
Again, straightforward: Story of time old
is the thing that no leave mind mine. The words in italics are added just to
make the English smoother (cannot make it right, because in English a modifier
must precede, in LANUG follow).
One important point: leave (=LEVA) is a
transitive verb, which can be modified by its subject[9]
and direct object, in addition to other modifiers. 'TORI LEVA MINID' could be:
'story leaves mind' or 'mind leaves story'. Well! in this case it doesn't
matter[10],
so one does not use the WODU 'DO' or 'SU' to mark subject or object.
Die
Luft = ARI
ist
kuehl = KOL
und = I
es
dunkelt =
OHA+DAKA
und = I
ruhig = KAMO
fliesst = VULU
der
Rhein; =
[REIN]
(The
air is cool, and it's darkening, and the
(c)___________________ARI
KOL I OHA+DAKA I VULU KAMO< [REIN].
Discussion:
Air cool, starts now dark, flowing calm
der
Gipfel = TOP
des
Berges = MONUT
funkelt = PAKI
im
Abendsonnenschein. = ZINE
SUN VENIG
(The
mountain peak sparkles in the evening sunshine.)
(d1)________________________________TOP
MONUT TO/PAKI ZINE SUN VENIG.
(d2)________________________________TOP
MONUT< PAKI ZINE SUN VENIG.
Discussion:
Two
completely equivalent translations: (d1) uses rule #1, and (d2) rule #2. The
fact that 'Abendsonnenschein' is compound in German[11]
does not mean that LANUG must use a compound word; there is a phrase instead:
ZINE SUN VENIG = shine of the sun in the evening.
die
schoenste =
HI+BO
sitzet = SIT
dort =
TA+PE
oben = HIHI
wunderbar; =
VONED
(The
most beautiful maiden sits up there, wonderful(ly); )
(e)_______________________MEDEN
HI+BO< VONED SIT TA+PE HIHI.
ihr = FE
goldnes = GODU
Geschmeide =
HE+ZELU[12]
blitzet = ZINE
sie = FE
kammt =
KOMOB
ihr =
FE,ONU
goldenes = GODU
Haar. =
HEDA+HARI
(her
golden jewelry shines, she combs her golden hair.)
(f)
____________HE+ZELU GODU< FE< ZINE I FE KOMOB HEDA+HARI GODU< ONU.
Discussion:
(e) and
(f) are simple translations; just note the use of FE = female for 'she'.
sie = FE
kaemmt =
KOMOB
es = DI
mit
goldenem = GODU
Kamme =
IR+KOMOB[13]
und = I
singt =
SINIG
ein
Lied = SINIG+INAZ,SONOG
dabei =
SA+TE
das = DI
hat = HA
eine
wundersame =
VONED
gewaltige =
RONUG
Melodei. = MELO
(she
combs it with a golden comb, and at the same time sings a song which has a
wonderful, powerful melody.)
(g1)
_______FE KOMOB IR(+KOMOB) GODU I SINIG SONOG SA+TE SO/HA MELO VONED< RONUG.
(g2)
_______FE KOMOB IR(+KOMOB) GODU I SINIG SA+TE< (SINIG+)INAZ HA MELO VONED<
RONUG.
Discussion:
I dislike SINIG SONOG, because clearly
both words refer to the same idea, so why should they be different? It just
happened that both 'sing' and 'song' were in the list I munged to make up my
vocabulary. But I much prefer (g2), with SINIG INAZ = sings an instance (of
singing, obviously) and KOMOB IR = combs with a tool (for combing). I cannot
have enough of the very generic words like ‘instance’, ‘tool’, to help building
compound words economically.
den
Schiffer =
BOTA+IKA,MA+BOTA
im = INI
kleinen = LIL
Schiffe =
BOTA, ZIP
ergraeft = SEZI
es
mit
wildem =
NO+KA+KONOR
Weh; = PANI
(The
boatman in the small boat is seized by wild pain;[14])
(h1)
________________MA+BOTA INI BOTA LIL MA/SU SEZI PANI NO+KA+KONOR.
(h2)
_______________BOTA+IKA INI BOTA LIL BO/SU SEZI PANI NO+KA+KONOR.
(h3)
________________IKA+BOTA INI BOTA LIL I/SU SEZI PANI NO+KA+KONOR.
Discussion.
MA+BOTA = male in a boat, IKA+BOTA =
professional having to do with boats, both reasonable for 'boatman'. 'wild' is
translated as 'uncontrollable' = NO+KA+KONOR.
Notice that the prefix marker of
subordination may be ambiguous: in (h2) BO/SU refers to BOTA+IKA or to BOTA,
indifferently. But this may be rearranged as in (h3), which is unambiguous.
All versions use SU to translate the
passive English version 'is seized' instead of the German active form.
Stylistically they are as good as the
original (!!); 'boatman' is placed first for emphasis. In German this is done
by using the accusative 'den Schiffer', in English by making 'boatman' the
subject, so it can start the sentence, and LANUG follows English in this case.
er = MA
schaut = LOKO
nicht = NO
die
Felsenriffe =
RAGO+REF
er = MA
schaut = LOKO
nur = ONIL
hinauf =
AVA+HIHI
in
die
Hoeh'. = HIHI
(He
does not look at the reefs, he only looks high above.)
(i1)
________________MA NO LOKO RAGO+REF A ((MA) LOKO) ONIL< AVA+HIHI.
(i2)
__________________________MA LOKO NON RAGO+REF LO/ONIL< AVA+HIHI.
Discussion
Note the use of MA = male for 'he'.
(i1) is a translation as two phrases
joined by A = but, and (i2) is a single phrase forming a sentence. It sounds
better, being shorter and similar to the original, which uses no conjunction,
but repeats 'looks' = 'er schaut'. One might use 'I' in LANUG.
ich = MI
glaube =
PENUS
die
Wellen = VAVA
SE
verschlingen = VALO
am
Ende =
ENADY
IFO
= will complete in the future
Schiffer =
BOTA+IKA, MA+BOTA
und
Kahn; =
BOTA, ZIP
(I
think that at the end the waves swallow the boatman and boat; )
(j)
__________________MI PENUS E VAVA SE< VALO IFO< (SU) MA+BOTA< BOTA.
Discussion
VAVA = wave, SE = several, 'VAVA SE' =
'waves', one way to show plural.
IFO = 'will end in the future', another
fancy tense modifier.
SU is not really needed: the choice
between 'boatman swallows waves' vs. 'waves swallow boatman' is clear, although
the first phrase is a funny version of the second.
und
das = TI
hat
mit
ihrem = FE
Singen =
SINIG
die
Lore-Ley =
[LORELEI]
getan. = DO
PA
(and
this has done by her singing the Lorelei.)
(k1)
__________________________________[LORELEI] DO (PA<) TI< SINIG FE.
(k2)
_____________________________ [LORELEI] RI< DO (PA<) TI< SINIG FE.
(k3)
_____________________________TI DO (PA<) SINIG FE DO/DO [LORELEI].
(k4)
___________________________________TI DO (PA<) SINIG FE [LORELEI].
Discussion
(k1) is a straightforward translation, but
Loreley is de-emphasized by taking its very natural position as first word in
the sentence. One could add RI, as in (k2).
One could also make the word Loreley, for
emphasis, appear as late as possible, as it does in the original. This is done
in (k3). The combination DO/DO results from the explicit subject 'DO [LORELEI]'
subordinated to the first DO = 'did'; it also shows that the first word, TI,
not being the subject of DO, probably is its object: Loreley did this. If the
subject remains unmarked:
TI DO (PA<) SINIG FE DO/[LORELEI].
one
might translate: this did by female singing a Loreley. ('this' as a subject,
'Loreley' as object; not likely, but admissible, especially since 'Loreley' has
no meaning yet).
But I don't like DO/DO, so eventually I
settled on (k4). The chain 'FE [LORELEI]' means 'she, further qualified by
Loreley', or 'she, Loreley' in apposition. Then there is a clear choice between
'it did a Loreley' and 'Loreley did it' as we now know Loreley is a she. The
parsing is clumsy, the meaning clear.[15]
(ax) MI NOGU NO< MENA MI SADA TI+VE.
(bx) TORI TE ODO E NO LEVA MINID MI.
(cx) ARI KOL I OHA+DAKA I VULU KAMO<
[REIN].
(dx) TOP MONUT TO/PAKI ZINE SUN VENIG.
(ex) MEDEN HI+BO< VONED ME/SIT TA+PE HIHI.
(fx) HE+ZELU GODU< FE< ZINE I FE KOMOB
HEDA+HARI GODU< ONU.
(gx) FE KOMOB IR GODU I SINIG SA+TE< MELO
VONED< RONUG.
(hx) MA+BOTA INI BOTA LIL MA/SU SEZI PANI
NO+KA+KONOR.
(ix) MA LOKO NO< RAGO+REF LO/ONIL<
AVA+HIHI.
(jx) MI PENUS E VAVA SE< VALO IFO< SU
MA+BOTA< BOTA.
(kx) TI DO PA< SINIG FE [LORELEI].
(ay) Mi nogu nons mena mi sada veyti;
(by) Tori te odo e no leva minid mi.
(cy) Ari kol I dakaoha I vulu kamons la
Reinix;
(dy) Top monut to’paki zine sun venig.
(ey) Meden boyhins voned me’sit taype hihi;
(fy) Heyzelu goduns fens zine I fe komob
hedayhari goduns onu.
(gy) Fe komob ir godu I sinig saytens melo
voneday ronug.
(hy) Maybota in bota lil ma’su sezi pani
noykaykonor,
(iy) Ma loko nons ragoyref, lo’onilay
avayhihi.
(jy) Mi penus e vava sens valo ifons su
maybotans bota;
(ky) Ti do pans sinig fe la Lorelix.
Translation
III : about hackers.
A = but
ABO =
about
AL =
all
AMUN =
amount
ATA =
attack
BA =
bad
BE =
be, exist
BI =
big
BOLON =
blond
DA =
idea, abstract
DAK =
dark
DANEZ =
danger
DETA =
detail
DISO =
discover
E =
coopula, is
ENAK =
screen
EPA =
experience
ERAS =
erase
FALI =
fail
FASE =
face
FOL =
after
FOD =
fat
GE =
general(ized)
GESU =
guest
HA =
have
HARI =
hair
HEDA = head
HI =
most
HIDE =
hide
HINIT =
hint
HIPE =
whisper
HIT =
hit,strike
HOLE =
hole
HOTU =
host
HOVU =
however
I = and
IKA =
...ist,...er
IMA =
image
IN = in
INUG =
young
KA =
can,able
KI =
quotation
KIL =
kill
KO =
end quote
KU =
quality
LETA =
letter
LUZ =
light(visible)
LITU =
list
LON =
long
MA =
male, he
MANAZ =
manage
MAZ =
maximum,most
MAZO =
major
MO =
more
MODI =
modify
NA =
no,without
NIT =
night
NO =
no,not
NOGU =
know
NOV =
new
OB =
boy
ONIL =
only
ONU =
itself,own
PEHA =
perhaps
PESI =
special
PESIL =
pencil
PI =
person
PO =
opposite
POSIN =
poison
POPU =
people
PU =
purpose
PUGA =
program
RAKO =
crack
RAKU =
track
RASI =
trace
REDA =
read
REZA =
breath(e)
RITE =
write
ROM =
room
ROTO =
root
SAFE =
safe(ty)
SE =
plural
SEME =
seem
SI =
the one who
SIGO =
cigarette
SITEM =
system
SIT =
sit
SU =
suffer,passive
TE =
time
TI =
this
TOL =
tool
U =
therefore
UDI =
audit
UDU = 2
UKU = 4
UNU = 1
UZU = 0
VAG =
vague
VATO =
waste
VERE =
weary,tired
ZONI =
join
Ob inugay ha hariyheda
bolonay bayfod o’sit rom dak. Rom vagluz onil C64 EMO geyleta ukuzu. Si’rezain
lonay sigo la Benson and Hedgex sitemrakoika verens la telnetex sitem la
.mil-ixay nayfasens folyununs litu mans hit. Ki gesu – gesu konk ki roto – roto
konk ki sitem – ikaymanaz ko fali al. No da mazo e ma ha nit al. Ma eras
pesilay hotuns litu i geyrite suyba pehans folyunu.
Ti seme ima popuns
sitemrakoika e pi inugay nayepa ha amunbi te vato pu inzoni sitem unu poymo.
Hovu be sitemrakoika danez mo hi. Pi nogu dataal tol novmazay safeudins rako I
pi ka modi daysens pu ata pesi i pi ka rite onuns puga se. Pi no onil reda abo
safeyhole novmaz a onu diso la buguxay kuykaysuwba. Kaykil ka udu hit posinge
u’hide rakuns no hipenks hinit rasi.
Ob inugay ha hariyheda
bolonay bayfod
o’sit
rom dak.
boy young
have head+hair blond
bad+fat sit room dark
greasy
Rom vagluz onil C64 enak geyleta ukuzu.
room vague+light only screen
generalized+letter 40
character
Si’rezain[16]
lonay sigo la Benson and Hedgex sitemrakoika
breathe+in long
cigarette
system+crack+ist
drag in
system-cracker
verens la telnetex sitem la .mil-ixay
nayfasens folyununs litu mans hit.
weary (telnet)
system no+face one+after list his hit
faceless next
Ki gesu – gesu konk
ki roto – roto konk ki sitem – ikaymanaz ko fali al.
‘ guest
guest ’ ‘ root
root ’ ‘
system manage+ist ’ fail all
manager
No da[17] mazo e
ma ha nit al.
no (thing) major he has night all
doesn’t matter
Ma eras pesilay hotuns litu i geyrite suyba pehans
folyunu.
he erase pencil host
list generalized+write
suffer+bad maybe one+after[18]
victim
Ti seme ima popuns sitemrakoika e pi
inugay nayepans
this seem image people
system+crack+ist person
young without+experience
ha amunbi te
vato pu inzoni
sitem unu poymo.
have big+ammount time waste
purpose in+join system one
not+more
connect merely,just
Hovu be sitemrakoika danez
mo hi.
however exist system+crack+ist danger more very
very much
more dangerous
Pi nogu dataal tol
novmazay
safeudins rako
person know all+detail tool
new+max safe(ty)+audit crack
latest
i pi ka modi
daysens[19] pu ata
pesi
person can modify idea+several purpose attack special
them
i pi ka rite
onuns puga se.
person can write own program several
Pi no
onil reda abo safeyhole
novmaz
person not only read
about safe(ty)+hole new+most
a onu diso
la buguxay kuykaysuwba.
but himself discover (bug)
quality+can+suffer*bad
vulnerability
Kaykil ka udu hit
posinge u’hide rakuns
can+kill can two strike
generalized+poison hide track
deadly poisonous(metaph.)
no hipenks[20] hinit
rasi.
no whisper
hint trace
A young boy, with greasy blonde hair, sitting in a dark room.
The room is illuminated only by the luminescense of the C64's 40 character
screen. Taking another long drag from his Benson and Hedges cigarette, the
weary system cracker telnets to the next faceless ’.mil’ system on his hit
list. ’guest -- guest’, ’root -- root’,
and ’system -- manager’ all fail. No matter. He has all night. He
pencils the host off of his list, and tiredly types in the next potential
victim.
This seems to be the popular image of a system cracker. Young,
inexperienced, and possessing vast quantities of time to waste, to get into
just one more system. However, there is a far more dangerous type of system
cracker out there. One who knows the ins and outs of the latest security
auditing and cracking tools, who can modify them for specific attacks, and who
can write his/her own programs. One who not only reads about the latest
security holes, but also personally discovers bugs and vulnerabilities. A
deadly creature that can both strike poisonously and hide its tracks without a
whisper or hint of a trail.
Translation IV: the Babel text (finally).
1. And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech.
2. And it came to pass, as they journeyed from the east, that they
found a plain in the land of Shinar; and they dwelt there.
3. And they said one to another, Go to, let us make brick, and
burn them thoroughly. And they had brick for stone, and slime had they for
mortar.
4. And they said, Go to, let us build us a city, and a tower,
whose top may reach unto heaven; and let us make us a name, lest we be
scattered abroad upon the face of the whole earth.
5. And the Lord came down to see the city and the tower, which the
children of men builded.
6. And the Lord said, Behold, the people is one, and they have all
one language; and this they begin to do: and now nothing will be restrained
from them, which they have imagined to do.
7. Go to, let us go down, and there confound their language, that
they may not understand one anothers speech.
8. So the Lord scattered them abroad from thence upon the face of
all the earth: and they left off to build the city.
9. Therefore is the name of it called Babel; because the Lord did
there confound the language of all the earth: and from thence did the Lord
scatter them abroad upon the face of all the earth.
1. Vaiehi kol haarec safa ajat udvarim ajadim.
2. Vaiehi benos`am miqedem vaimceu biq`a beerec Xin`ar vaiexvu
xam.
3. Vaiomru ix el reehu: Hava nilbena levenim unisrefa lisrefa;
vatehi lahem halevena laeven vehajemar haia lahem lejomer.
4. Vaiomru: Hava nivne lanu ir umigdal veroxo baxamaim, venaase
lanu xem pen nafuc al pnei kol haarec.
5. Vaiered I' lir'ot et hair veet hamigdal axer banu bnei haadam.
6. Vaiomer I': Hen am ejad vesafa ajat lekulam, veze hejilam
laasot, veata lo ibacar mehem kol axer iazmu laasot.
7. Hava nerda venavla xam sfatam, axer lo ixmeu ix sfat reehu.
8. Vaiafec I' otam mixam al pnei kol haarec, vaijdelu livnot hair.
9. Al ken qara xma Bavel, ki xam balal I' sfat kol haarec umixam
heficam I' al pnei kol haarec.
Try your luck, using
the vocabulary and scheme provided. In the scheme I kept the phrases apart, to
reflect the structure of the Hebrew text which uses only 'and' as a
conjunction. LAN cuts are a little more varied.
On the other hand, I
did not translate word for word. For instance, the phrase 'upon the face of the
whole earth' with its lovely olden sound, is a calque of the Hebrew 'al pnei
kol haarec', and 'al pnei' = 'on the face' is the only way to say 'over' in
Hebrew, and not some metaphor. So I translated the word 'over'. Similarly 'the
children of men', in Hebrew 'bnei haadam' is actually the only way to say
'mankind', so I translated 'mankind'.
AL all
ANI any
BA bad
BE
exist
BEGIN
begin
BIKA
brick
BULI
build
BUNA
burn
DA abstract,idea
DESI
decision
DO
do,act
DONU
down
E
copula
EDA the
earth
FAME
fame
FI
become
FID
find
GE
general(ize)
GO go
HA have
HAP
happen
HE
group
HEVEN
heaven
HO
entire,whole
I and
IN in
ITI,TED
instead
MUT one
another, mutual
LANAD
land
LAN
language
LE less
IM
imperative
MAK
make
MAKID
mankind
MI
I,me,my
MIZ mix
MOTA
mortar
NAM
name
NI
we,us,our
NO
no,not
ONE one
OVE
over
PA past
PE
place
PEPO,FOK
people
PI
person
PU
purpose
RISE
rise
FOM
from
SAGI
say
SE
many,several,plural
SEGE
see
SILEM
slime
SITI city
SU
suffer, direct complement, passive
SUN sun
TA that
TE time
TI this
TONE
stone
TOP top
KITI
stop doing, quit
TORU
tower
U
therefore
UNAS
understand
VAL
valley
VEL
dwell
VODA
word
ZE all
kinds of, various
ZO
cause to, causative
ZORUN
journey
1. EDA HO< HA PA< LAN<> VODA+HE[21]
ONE.
2. HAP
PA
E
PI+SE FID VAL IN LANAD [XINAR] FI/ZORUN FOM SUN+RISE[22]
I
VEL PA< TA+PE.
3. SAGI PA< MUT
E
IM NI< MAK BIKI LE/BUNA.
HA PA< PI+SE< BIKI TED TONE
HA/SILEM TED MOTA.
4. SAGI PI+SE< PA
E
IM NI< BULI SITI< TORU TOP IN HEVEN
I
FAME NI
E
PU NO FI+PE+ZE[23]
OVE EDA AL.
5. [IAHVE] GO+DONU PA< PU SEGE SITI SU
BULI MAKID.
6. SAGI [IAHVE]
E
IM GE+SEGE
E BE FOK ONE
I
HA LAN ONE
I
PI+SE BEGIN DO TI
I
NO ZO+NO*DO[24]
PI+SE< TI+TE< ANI+DA PI+SE DESI+BEGIN[25]
DO
7. IM NI< GO+DONU MIZ+BA TA+PE< LAN
PI+SE MI/PU NO UNAS LAN MUT.
8. [IAHVE]
ZO+PE+ZE PA< PI+SE OVE EDA AL
I
KITI PA< PI+SE< BULI SITI.
9. TA+PE [IAHVE] BA+MIZ PA< LAN EDA AL
I
FOM TA+PE [IAHVE] ZO+PE+ZE PA<
PI+SE OVE EDA AL
U
NAME [BABEL].
1. Eda hons ha pans lanoy
vodayhe one.
2. Hap pa e seypi fid val
in lanad la Sinarax fi’zorun sunrise i vel pans
taype.
3. Sagi pans mut e im nins
mak biki i’buna. Ha pans seypins biki ted
tone ha’silem ted mota.
4. Sagi seypins pa e im
nins buli sitins toru top in heven i fame ni
e pu no fiypeyze ove eda al.
5. La Iahvex goydonu pans
pu sege siti su buli makid.
6. Sagi pans la Iahvex e
im geysege e be fok one i ha lan one i seypy
begin pans do ti i no zoynowdo seypins teytins daani seypi desiybegin do.
7. Im nins goydonu mizba
taypens lan seypi mi’pu no unas lan mut.
8. La Iahvex zoypeyze pans
seypi ove eda al i kiti pans seypi buli siti.
9. Taype la Iahvex mizba
pans lan eda al i fom taype la Iahvex zoypeyze
pans seypi ove eda al u nam la Babelex.
[2] ‘and’ usually untranslated, the markers <> take care of that.
[3] ‘LU’ is a transitive verb, and needs the modifiers ‘DO’, ‘SU’. ‘MI LU TU’ is obviously ‘I love you’, but only for speakers of SOV languages.
[4] Properly the singular ‘thou’, not ‘you’.
[5] This ‘and’ is translated.
[6] ‘how well’ translated as ‘so well’; ‘how’ is not a question word here.
[7] Another ‘and’ translated: between phrases, meaning ‘and then…’
[8] ‘MI+MEM KITA’ sounds better than ‘KITA MI+ MEM’ because ‘KITA’ is more of a modifier, so it should follow.
[9] Notice there is nothing special about the relation subject-predicate (called nexus by Jespersen). Each may be considered subordinate to the other, and in LANGU the question is: which comes first.
[10] and all the air a solemn stillness holds
[11] and sufficiently unique to land you on Lorelei in an Internet search.
[12] group+jewel = jewelry
[13] tool+combing = a comb
[14] Litterally: it seizes with wild pain the boatman… Now, a good semantics question: what’s ‘it’? (or ‘es’ in ‘ergreift es’) ? The whole scene, with the triply golden maiden and wonderful evening light— I guess.
“I know what ‘it’ means well enough, when I find a thing,” said the Duck; “it’s generally a frog…”
And the moral of this is—‘No matter how much you worry about the sense, the words will take care of themselves’.
[15] and there’s glory for you!
[16] the prefix si’ shows this word qualifies ‘sitemrakoika’; or maybe ‘sigo’? the decision is made by sense: ‘the cracker breathes…’ vs. ‘the cigarette is breathed…’
[17] Note the use of ‘da’ for ‘it’ which refers to an abstract noun.
[18] ‘he erases with a pencil the host from the list , and types the victim possible next.’
Notice that ‘perhaps’ modifies ‘victim’, thus ‘possible victim’. Also ‘generalized write’ is ‘type’ in this case.
[19] ‘DA+SE’ = ‘ideas’ = ‘abstractions’ translates ‘them’.
[20] Notice the use of -nks : no (whisper or hint) of a trail. ‘whisper or hint’ modifies ‘no’ and is modified by ‘trail’.
[21] set of words = vocabulary. The Hebrew ‘dvarim ajadim’ is really exotic: ‘words one’. In modern Hebrew it would mean ‘a few words’.
[22] east, of course; a compound instead of ESU.
[23] become various places = scatter
[24] cause not to do = prevent
[25] decide+begin = initiative